Critique: Cooperative Negotiation in Concurrent Engineering Design
Sycara
*
The introduction mentions "industrial productivity" five times. I found
it odd that it was not mentioned at all throughout the rest of the
article.
Sycara lists the types of knowledge used in design. Since Klein
seems to be the first to suggest the use of knowledge about conflict
resolution in his 1991 "Supporting Conflict Resolution in Cooperative
Design Systems" paper, it is not surprising Sycara does not list this.
I wonder if the system proposed would have been very different had
Klein's idea been general knowledge in the field.
"Design is the act of devising an artifact which satisfies a useful
need, in other words, performs some function." - Rather than go on
about the trouble with giving an absolute definition for design I'll
simply state that many things have been designed that serve no useful
function.
A good discussion of how decomposition of a design problem effects
efficiency was started in the 1.1 Design section. It gives a good basis
for the extensive use of cased based reasoning throughout the proposed
model.
How cases used in this model are ordered hierarchically around concepts
in the problem domain was not very well explained. It seems as though
the hierarchy is simply function based where designs (full/partial) that
provide some functionality can be found under the function description
in the hierarchy.
I found the constant use of in-paragraph lists: (1) annoying while trying
to read, (2) confusing while trying to keep train of thought,
(3) inconsistent, switching between numeric and letter formats to
denote list items, and (4) amusing when Sycara gets confused herself and
switches from numeric to letter format mid-list (see the paragraph
before 4. A Negotiation Example). Inconsistency is one of the few
consistent features of this paper.
Inter-agent conflicts, requiring an agent to decide between
tradeoffs, is mentioned but how this is handled by the model is not.
It seems as though the same mechanisms used to negotiate between
agents could be used internally.
It is interesting how an agent is not ultimately limited by its
local knowledge. An agent can learn about other agents in this model
thereby expanding its knowledge to a degree based on the number of other
agents it interacts with. This allows the advantages of
distributing knowledge and enabling concurrent design that mimics
human design teams while not imposing limits inherent in segregation of
knowledge.
At the end of the Agent Goals and Expertise section, Sycara states that
goal traversal leads to innovative designs. I saw no further
justification of this model being able to create "new" designs.
*
Katia P. Sycara,
Cooperative Negotiation in Concurrent Engineering Design.
In: Computer-Aided Cooperative Product Development,
(Eds) D. Sriram & R. Logcher, Springer-Verlag, 1991, pp. 269-297.
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