Critique: The Ubiquity of Discovery
Douglas B. Lenat
*
From the very beginning of this article I knew I was in for a treat.
Most things were explained very clearly and with humor that not only
made the reading enjoyable (not that it usually isn't) but that also
helped to understand the particular point or issue at hand. One complaint I
have, although minor and specific, is the example of finding the genetic
component of IQ. I attribute this mostly to my opinion that all measures
of IQ that I know of seem inadequate and often give misleading
measures of intelligence. This is easily made up for by the inclusion
of actually meaningful pictures, diagrams and the like. Cheese cutting
is an often neglected domain in AI in Design research. I could have done
with less examples of rules and run traces of AM though.
I was surprised when Lenat presents the paradigm of AI research and
uses the term "information processing" rather than "symbol processing"
given his previous summary of different scientific views of people.
Does he mean to use these terms interchangeably or is he saying there a
fundamental difference between representations machines and people can
work with? It would seem that information is explicit in representation
while a symbol is not. Symbols seem more open to interpretation.
It was interesting to see statements about automatic language translation
and other such things that didn't seem very possible or to work well
back in 1978 but seem to be common and generally accepted these days.
Despite all the advances made over the last 23 years, we still have
a ways to go though. Lenat says that it seems that it should be
possible for a computer to provide driving directions for example,
maybe even in Boston, but a quick look at the services available on the web
shows there is still some work to be done.
I was very happy when Lenat addresses the limitations imposed upon AM
by not taking advantage of the knowledge it discovers to control its
search. By treating the control knowledge (heuristics) and the concepts
it seems very possible to improve the system. From the examples of rules
and AM execution it doesn't seem like a trivial change to make though.
Also, it seems limiting to think of all control knowledge as heuristics.
"AI programs make explicit, in a very usable form, the knowledge necessary
to perform some complicated activity, thereby de-mystifying it." What about
neural networks?
*
D. B. Lenat,
The Ubiquity of Discovery.
Proc. Nat. Computer Conf., Vol. 47, 1978, pp. 65-80.
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